Unit 01: Auxiliary Verbs – Chapter 1: Grammar Practice – Starter TOEIC – Third Edition – Building TOEIC Test-taking Skills – Anne Taylor – Casey Malarcher
What Follows Auxiliary Verbs?
A. Auxiliary verbs followed by a verb ending in -ing or -ed:
✈️ The plane is landing soon.
🏆 The trophy was awarded to the best team.
🛠️ She has fixed the broken chair.
B. Auxiliary verbs followed by the basic form of the verb:
Modal auxiliaries, “do” in questions/negative sentences, or emphatic “do” + infinitive
📅 He might visit us next week.
💡 I do think that idea could work.
🍎 Do you enjoy apples?
🎮 She does not play video games.
Meaning of Key Auxiliary Verbs
A. Will: to express willingness or intention
🚪 I will help you carry those bags.
📅 I will call you tomorrow.
B. Shall: to indicate a formal intention or decision
🥂 Shall we go out for dinner tonight?
📝 We shall review the report together.
C. May / Can: to express possibility
🚗 Can we park here?
🌧️ It may snow tonight.
D. Can / Could / May: to request or give permission
☕ May I have a cup of coffee?
🎒 You can borrow my backpack.
E. Must: to indicate necessity or logical certainty
Note: Negative form: cannot/can’t, must not
🧩 This puzzle piece must go here.
💼 It must be her bag.
F. Must / Have to: to show a requirement or obligation
🕒 Everyone must attend the meeting.
🏢 They have to submit the report by 5 PM.
G. Should / Ought to / Had better: to indicate a recommendation or obligation
📞 You should check in with her.
🕖 We ought to leave now to be on time.
H. Should have / Could have + past participle: to express missed actions or unrealized possibilities
📚 He should have studied harder.
🥇 They could have won if they had practiced more.
I. Used to / Would: to describe actions or habits in the past
🎒 I used to bring my lunch every day.
🌻 In summer, I would visit my grandparents.
